Glycoalkaloids are chemical compounds derived from alkaloids to which sugar groups are appended. They are naturally produced in various cultivated and ornamental plant species of the Solanaceae family and some of them are toxic (poisonous glycoalkaloids are found in bittersweet nightshade, potato, tomato, eggplants, and others).
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There was received request for the analysis of chaconine and solanine in potato leaves (2019-2023)
Instrument: Q-Exactive Plus hybrid FT mass spectrometer coupled with Dionex Ultimate 3000 RS UPLC (Thermo Scientific). Chromatographic separations were carried out using the Acclaim C18 column (2.1×150 mm, 2.2 µm particle size, Dionex) using a linear gradient of ACN/water (with 0.1% AcOH). Data were acquired in full scan and PRM modes. Quantitative analysis was accomplished using external calibration and commercially available standards.
Positive ESI LC-MS TIC (black) and PRM chromatograms of solanine (RT 8.33 min) and chaconine (RT 8.43 min), 500 µg/ml.
Positive ESI MS/MS spectrum of α-solanine
Positive ESI MS/MS spectrum of α-chaconine
External calibration curves measured for α-chaconine and α-solanine
The study of potato glycoalkaloids was continued in animal experiments.
After the production of glycoalkaloids in potato leaves was artificially reduced to safe levels the leaves were added to a meal of goats. Samples of goat's rumen and plasma were sent for analysis.
Glycoalkaloids did not survive the harsh enzymatic environment of goat's rumen and lost all their sugars becoming a free alkaloid solanidine. Additional metabolism happened moving further through the digestion system. There were detected solanidine and solanidine sulfate in the goat's plasma (the animals were fine and healthy!).
Positive ESI LC-MS TIC (black) and EIC chromatograms of solanidine (10.98 min) and solanidine sulfate (8.51 min) detected in plasma samples.
Positive ESI mass spectrum solanidine (detected in rumen and plasma).
Positive ESI AIF (all ions fragmentation) mass spectrum solanidine sulfate (detected in plasma).
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